France During the Period from 1789-1793 Essay Example for Free

France During the Period from 1789-1793 Essay During the turbulent and unstable years of the French Revolution, there were many changes in the aims and ideologies of the revolutionaries. The Storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 sparked off events that caused the upheaval of French society, as the three Estates sought to protect and advance their interests. Many factors influenced the changing of the revolutionaries aims, and perhaps none more so than the abolishment of the constitutional monarchy. From the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, it can be assumed that the aims of the revolutionaries in 1789 were for the benefit of the French people of every class, but the desire for exclusive political power had undermined this. With mounting social and economic unrest, the French monarchy was under constant scrutiny in the years prior to the Revolution. The Enlightenment had served to cause a change in perception of the French people, from the nobility to even common artisans. The blind faith in the Aristocracy was waning, and the Third Estate, the majority of the population, had much cause to complain. The Third Estate enjoyed few privileges, and were subject to feudal obligations and heavy direct and indirect taxes (e.g. taille and gabelle) as well as the hated corvee royale. The peasants’s lives were ruled by the seigneurial obligations, the payment of tithes, and the scarcity and expenses of common essentials such as bread heightened the dislike for the monarchy who led extravagant lifestyles. The peasant class sought only to improve their standard of living. The bourgeoisie felt an increasing sense of frustration as opportunities for social and employment advancement were limited. The nobility and clergy occupied the higher social classes, and had the privilege of birth, but the business leaders of the Third Estate could not penetrate those circles. While the general consensus among the bourgeoisie was for a constitutional monarchy, they also desired a more significant say in the running of France. The heavy taxation on the Third Estate was regarded as unfair, and the bourgeoisie desired a system of taxation that was based on equality. With the meeting of the Estates-General, the representatives of the Third Estates aimed to address these issues of the ancien regime that affected them. The Second Estate, the Nobility, in favour of the Estates-General, sought only to further their own interests. In the economic crisis of 1769, King Louis XVI attempted to pass reforms that would remove some of the Nobility’s tax exemptions. The Nobility revolted, which contributed to the king calling a meeting of the Estates-General. Therefore we can deduce that the motives of the Nobility in 1789 were solely to preserve their privileges. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was drawn up, and in it was the general principles that reflected the liberal and enlightened thinking of the French population in 1789. The Declaration righted many of the complaints from all three Estates. The Night of 4 August 1789, saw the ending of class privileges. The manorial system in which peasants were tied to their landlords through obligations and fees were gone, as was the corvee and all tithing to the church. The nobility and the clergy gave up their exemptions from taxation. Various factors explain the radical shift in the revolutionaries aims. One significant issue was the popular support of sans-cullotes to the Jacobin Club. The sans-cullotes had an increasing influence on the course of the Revolution, and often achieved their goals by violent means. Jacobin leaders like Robespierre endorsed their extreme measures in the summer of 1792 to overthrow the Girondins, an opposition to the Jacobins. The King was also partly responsible for the failings of the Monarchy, and the rise of the Republic. His decisions to use his veto against legislation that seemed to threaten the interests of the Nobility and Clergy, portrayed him as a biased ruler. He was also found to have had secret dealings with the Revolutions enemies. When the Royal Family attempted to flee from Paris to Austrian territory in June 1790, they were captured in Varennes. The effect was catastrophic for the monarchy. Brought back in humiliation to Paris, it finally proved that the King could not be trusted. For the first time, the aims of the revolutionaries shifted to the establishment of a democratic republic, and the abolition of the constitutional monarchy. The Jacobin Club, a radical political force now led by Maximilien Robespierre, was at the head of the calls for a republic. Petitions by the radicals and the sans-culottes were sent demanding the King be put on trial for treason. The King had not been embracing of the Revolution, and his actions to counter it led to his execution on 21 January 1793. In conclusion, the aims of the French revolutionaries had gone through a series of radical changes from 1789 to 1793. From the Storming of the Bastille to the Declaration of the Rights of Man, the motives for the Revolution were generally moderate: to improve the standard of living, and promote equality and fairness. However, this was marred by the three Estate’s only looking only after their own interests, and the power struggle between revolutionary leaders. From the end of 1789, the motives of the leading revolutionaries grew increasingly radical and repressive, and in the ensuing Terror thousands would yet lose their lives in the name of the Revolution after 1793.

A Holographic Interpretation of the Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

A Holographic Interpretation of the Scarlet Letter Comprehension of anything requires a framework already in place in order to place it in out sphere of reference. Especially those that are "fuzzy" or difficult to nail down. The brain and the atom are not fully understood, but by comparing functions, structures, and similar operations to known items or concepts one can obtain a hold on the unknown and even extrapolate unknown processes from known ones. (For example, the brain is similar to a computer. They both have memory, input/output, and similar structures-transistors to synapses.) This technique works with literature and a deeper understanding a grasp of a book's meaning becomes possible. The Scarlet Letter can be viewed through an understanding of the operation and production of holograms. First, an understanding of the holographic process is needed before any comparisons are possible. First and foremost a hologram requires a source of coherent wave- like energy. The second is a recording medium of extremely high resolution to record the microscopic interference patterns of light. The third major requirement is utter stability and freedom from vibrations. As for producing an actual hologram, here is described a two-beam transmission holograph. (So named because viewing it requires shining the same coherent light back through it) The laser is placed on a platform in the sand and a mirror directs the light diagonally across the table. A beamsplitter divides the beam into two parts. One goes to a mirror that directs the light through a spreading lens onto the photographic plate at an angle. The other beam is bounced off a mirror and through a spreading lens onto the object to be holographed. The table is allowed to settle and an exposure made. The light from the first beam, called the reference beam, and the reflected light from the object combine to produce microscopic inte rference patterns through constructive and destructive interference. Since light is a wave, when two coherent beams intersect depending on their phase they either add or subtract strengths forming areas of lightness and darkness that are captured by the photographic plate. After development the hologram is viewed with light from the same laser at the same angle as

Genre Analysis

Genre Analysis The musical film has always held a special place for me. From my time as a drama student in high school, my eyes have been opened to the amazing world of the musical and especially the musical film. The musical film is a film genre in which the characters sing songs that are integrated into the overall story. Since musicals first began in theaters, musical films usually contain similar elements. These elements often simulate that there is a live audience watching. In a sense, the film viewers become the audience members, at a theater production, as the actor performs directly to them.Due to the popularity of musicals in the theater, the style was quickly brought over into film. In 1927, the musical film genre began with the accompaniment of the first film talkie, The Jazz Singer. While popularity for this genre has fluctuated over the years, it nevertheless has succeeded in becoming a staple in films. Throughout this paper, I will explore what is a film in the musical genre and why it has such a lasting effect through the examination of three considered, classic musical films of their eras. The three films that will be examined are Singin’ in the Rain, Grease, and Rent.These three movies are considered some of the top musicals of their time. Singin' in the Rain is a 1952 musical comedy film starring Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor and Debbie Reynolds. This film is a comic portrayal of Hollywood’s transition from silent films to talkies in the late 1920s. It is now frequently described by critics as one of the best musicals ever, and it continually tops on the AFI's 100 Years of Musicals list. Next, Grease is a 1978 musical film starring John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John as two students in a 1950s high school.This is a story of the trials and tribulations of the teenagers are that era. Grease was considered as one of the best films of 1978. Lastly, Rent is a 2005 musical drama film about the depictions of the lives of several Bohemian s squatting in the East Village of New York City from 1989 to 1990 and their struggles with sexual preference, drugs, and AIDS. The film was nominated for a number of awards, including a GLAAD Media Award for Best Picture Musical/Comedy. They may seem quite different on the surface; however, the similarities they do have in common are mainly due to the genre they share.This is shown by the use of music, production design, and film techniques. The use of music is a key to determining if a film is in the musical genre. Not only are songs used to further the story along in a musical, but they also have the ability to put the audience in the emotional state of the character singing. Song has always been used as a good conductor for emotional understanding. For example, during the song â€Å"You Were Meant for Me† in Singin’ in the Rain, Don Lockwood is able to confess his love to Kathy Selden in a way that feels magical and shows a connection between the two would be lover s.Also, the song â€Å"There Are Worse Things I Could Do† in Grease is able to betray the emotional depth of the character Rizzo’s fear, shame, and anger. At the time this film came out, topics such as teen pregnancy were not generally presented in films. By having this character sing her issue, the audiences, who may have dismissed her outright for her actions, are able to sympathize with her plight. Moreover, in Rent, the song â€Å"I'll Cover You† by Angel and Collins allow the viewer to get caught up in this young couple's relationship without having to worry or even consider that this is a gay couple.Therefore, it is obvious that the power of song is one of greatest attributes that the musical genre has to offer. Music has a tendency to touch a person more than mere words, which might be the reason why musicals do, too. Another item that films in the musical genre share in common is production design. Production design is the creation and organization of th e physical world surrounding a film by the use of lighting, staging, and set design. Musicals share many similarities in their production design. For instance, many musicals from the past and present use elaborate production numbers.A production number is a specialty routine, usually performed by the entire cast consisting of musicians, singers, and dancers of a musical with the use of grand set pieces. All the films being discussed here have, at least, one production number in them. Singin’ in the Rain has Gene Kelly's legendary performance in the rain. The ending of Grease features a carnival with several song and dance numbers. The beginning of Rent showcases a beautiful New York block back lot, surrounded with flaming debris. Also, since musicals had their start in the theaters, many lighting choices have theater-like qualities, such as the spotlight.All three films use a spotlight to highlight their actors. Rent and Singin’ in the Rain, use it to emphasize the the ater and movie qualities of their film; while Grease uses the spotlight to portray a beginning of a dream sequence. Many musicals, even the grittier ones, have a sense of grandeur to them that can be seen in the production design. One can say grandeur has always been a calling card for musicals. Once musicals made the transition to film, a number of film techniques have been used repeatedly. First of all, many musicals use the technique of creating lines of movement from background to foreground to foster an illusion of depth.Singin’ in the Rain presents a line of beautiful women in tremendous outfits, in the background, during the â€Å"Beautiful Girl† song. The balcony scene in Rent and the carnival scene in Grease provide the same sense of an illusion of depth. In addition, the use of ellipsis, an omission of time to that separates one shot from another, allows films, such as these, to show a long progression of time quickly. The stories of these films take place ov er a matter of months like Singin’ in the Rain, a school term like Grease, or a full year like Rent. Since all that time cannot be shot, ellipses are used.Another technique, which is commonly used, is the fadeout. Since several of the song and dance scenes are basically vignettes, a fadeout is typically a good transition or ending. Grease uses it at the end of Beauty School Dropout, and the other films use it at the end of their films. Furthermore, the long shot, also known as the full-body shot, is used frequently in musicals to allow the audience to see the dexterity of the actors. The scenes like the ballet in Singin’ in the Rain, the hand jive in Grease, and the tango in Rent, must be shown with such shots to enhance their performances.Hence, while the feel of a musical can differ from one to another, the general format tends to follow a set path that one allows the viewer a measure of comfort. In conclusion, the genre of the musical has had a long standing in film for many years. From mere comedy to critiques on our society, the musical has taken many forms. For some reason, our society allows one to express their point of view through a musical to a mass audience. Such musicals as Hair, Tommy, and even Rent would not have been shown if not in musical form.The use of song and dance has always been a factor in any civilization from the rituals to entertainment. It is said that music soothes the savage beast, but music also allows the viewers of musicals to almost experience movie firsthand. One can easily get caught up in the songs of the musical. Have you ever caught yourself singing the songs after the show? That is a sign of an excellent musical. Whether it is live or on a screen, I receive so much enjoyment out of watching a musical. I hope the same can be said about you.

Description Of Male-Dominant Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 607 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: A Doll's House Essay Did you like this example? In A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, Norars relationships are strained by societys expectations of womens roles and how women are viewed by others. The story takes place during the Victorian Era where the quality of life heavily depended on oners social status. For women, this was difficult. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Description Of Male-Dominant Society" essay for you Create order They dealt with harsh sexual restraints as they lacked several fundamental rights such as the right to vote, own property, and divorcing their husbands. These restraints caused women to be very reliant on their husbands which is largely apparent in Norars relationship with Torvald. Torvaldrs use of childlike and condescending nicknames towards Nora reveals how men viewed women as inferior in this time period. Stuck in this unequal marriage, Nora must prevail against societyrs prescribed roles for women and discover her personal identity and journey. Nora must meet the needs of her husbands and children. She makes sacrifices to her husband and treats him to what society expects of a woman. She is quite the compassionate and loving wife as shown through her actions. She strives to be the perfect wife for Torvald and would do anything for his happiness. But while she clearly shows great care for him, he does not treat her the same way. We see how he treats Nora often through his name-calling which is fueled by his obligation to stick to societyrs framework. When he greets Nora in Act I, he calls her his little squirrel and sweet little spendthrift for wasting money on Christmas packages (3-4). This reveals how Torvald sees his wife as simply a doll by calling her objectifying names and emphasizes his belief that Nora is his. Money also plays a role in the play. Torvald is responsible for the financial welfare of his family and relishes his role as a protector for his wife. Because he controls the money, he believes it is acceptable to treat his wife in a patronizing manner. He believes the duty of women is to be a good wife and mother. Thus, he is more concerned with maintaining his morality and reputation than his wifers wellbeing. Norars detachment from reality blinds her from Torvaldrs treatment for much of the play. But towards the end, her decision to abandon him reveals how her character has developed over the course of the story. She experiences an epiphany when she informs him of her intent to leave him. She has never felt [her] mind so clear and certain as as she saw he was not the man [she] had thought (69). When Torvald unleashes his anger towards Nora for forging the letter, she recognizes that he is a different person than she had once believed. Even when she tries to communicate calmly to him, he criticizes her, calling her a blind, foolish woman for leaving him (68). Through this revelation, she realizes her marriage has been only an illusion and should not be obligated to let a man dictate her actions. There was no true love between her and Torvald. He only cared about his reputation and when she sacrificed her integrity for him, he cared about other things that were supposedly more important th an his wife. As she walks out the door, she emphatically slams the door, symbolizing the conclusion of their uneven relationship. Ibsen writes this story during the highly controversial Victorian Era where society was male-dominant. Noras decision to leave Torvald was definitely reasonable. She felt trapped, having no fulfillment and individuality so she could no longer endure under his control. Ibsens use of realism helps bring clarity to key themes and challenges the audience to think about the societal issues that particularly affected Norars life.

A Story of Race and a Forbidden Love - 1028 Words

A Story of Race and a Forbidden Love Kevin Michael Albeck (KEABEC2492) ENG125 Prof. Danielle Slaughter November 16, 2012 The story â€Å"Country Lovers was written in 1975 when times were different then they are today. This story was written about a farmer’s son and one of the children of the farm’s help. There are many aspects of this story that are wrong but the most pronounced one is the racial segregation. Even though certain races are perceived as inferior to some, there should be no such thing because we all need to work together to make the planet a better place and lives are ruined over racial this segregation. The theme of this story is about tough choices and racial divides. Throughout the†¦show more content†¦She also changed her testimony at the trial saying that she never saw what she said she did during the preliminary inquiry. It is not made clear why she said that she saw him pour the liquid down the baby’s throat when what she heard were baby grunts as if the baby’s stomach were full. All of this truly shows how much she cared for Paulus. This st ory is about a place that is really hard for some of us in America to understand because we do not live with this amount of segregation. In certain places in Africa it is very strict on racial divides even to this day. Even with the world stage crying for equality in race, ethnic and gender there are many countries today that still have strict ethnic and racial divides as well as strict rules on the roles of women. Stories like this one should be part of any school’s curriculum. I did not know that countries were still like this until I was in my late teens early twenties. I received a big dose of cultural sensitivity training on my plane ride to Afghanistan in later 2001. I saw the horrible ways that women are treated over there and I saw this again on a trip to the horn of Africa. I use the word horrible because that is what it is to me by the standards I was raised with, but it is just normal life to them. References: Clugston, Wayne R. (2010). JOURNEY INTO LITERATURE. San Diego: BridgepointShow MoreRelatedEssay on Country Lovers1003 Words   |  5 PagesLover’s: A Forbidden Lover Story I chose to discuss the short story by Nadie Gordimer, Country Lovers, I will identify the theme and the literary elements that helped me with my analysis. I would consider the story Country Lovers to be the story of racial barriers that created a forbidden love story. There are many literary elements that aid my analysis, and support my interpretation of the stories theme. I will discuss how symbolism, characters, and settings supported the forbidden love storyRead MoreCountry Lovers: a Readers Response819 Words   |  4 Pagesdramatically depicts the theme of forbidden love in Country Lovers, but more than just the depth of this love, the forbidden relationship between races during the years of apartheid. Gordimer brings forward very early the fact of racial division, â€Å"the black children are making along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie little master†. (Gordi mer, 1975) This short story powerfully demonstrates the everRead MoreForbidden Love : The Hidden History Of Mixed Race America946 Words   |  4 PagesForbidden Love: The Hidden History of Mixed-Race America is a text that highlights the racial progression of the United States. In a span of over 400 years, the author Gary Nash cites many instances of interracial relationships. This abundance of examples serves to show a contrast in America between government measures and social occurrences. A story such as that of John Rolfe and Pocahontas is used to show how [their union] could have become the beginning of an open racially intermixed UnitedRead MoreThe Tempest, By William Shakespeare1343 Words   |  6 Pagesglance, Forbidden Planet can easily be seen to parallel many other works relating to technology, nature, or both. One of the most obvious parallels is, of course, to Shakespeare s The Tempest, the story of a man stranded on an island which he has single-handedly brought under his control through the use of magic. Indeed, the characters, plot, and lesson of Forbidden Planet mirror almost exactly those of The Tempest, with the exception that where The Tempest employs magic, Forbidden PlanetRead MoreAnalysis Of Mourning Doves Under The Whispering Pines1052 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially native women, as Sky Burial portrays a slight positive perspective on Native women and a more negative perspective on the â€Å"white Canadian†. Through the use of imagery, diction and character, both short stories; Under the Whispering Pines and Sky Burial strongly focus on the forbidden relationship between the Euro Canadian and the Native American however under the whispering pines does so by praising as Sky Burial degrades the Euro Canadian culture. To begin with, in the under the WhisperingRead MoreMilton s Paradise Lost : The Fall Of Humanity And The Fallen Angels844 Words   |  4 PagesMilton’s Paradise Lost is reviewing the fall of humanity and the story behind each particular and important character, like Satan, the arc-and the fallen angels, but most importantly Milton shows the story from Adam’s and Eve’s point of view. Their characters and personality not only grow but develop so much between their ordinary lives and the fall. Adam and Eve coexisted in harmony in Eden before the fall, lived in harmony and love, sharing a wonderful experience of immortality and infinite opportunitiesRead MoreThe Welcome Table By Alice Walker1471 Words   |  6 Pagesunion of two people of different races in a relationship is often frowned upon† (Futrell, 2010). The short story â€Å"The Welcome Table† was composed in the United States during the post-civil rights era by the great novelist Alice Walke r. Alice focused her writing on â€Å"exploring life situations through the eyes of African American women and advocating ways to approach challenges of sexism, racism, and poverty in American life† (Clugston, 2010, p. 40). The short story â€Å"Country Lovers† was written by NadineRead MoreThe Last Of The Mohicans : When Cultures Collide1254 Words   |  6 Pages20 October 2015 The Last of the Mohicans: When Cultures Collide Racism and injustice and violence sweep our world, bringing a tragic harvest of heartache and death. – Billy Graham. In recent news there has been much turmoil between cultures and races. On any given evening news programs, one can see violence in Israel as Palestinians and Israelis fight over who deserves the promise land. In the United States, shootings between African American youths and Caucasian police officers have caused quiteRead More Discrimination and Racism in Country Lovers and The Welcome Table1713 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss race and the struggle with trying to be accepted in society. The short story â€Å"Country Lovers† written by Nadine Gordimer, who in 1991 received the Nobel Prize for Literature, writes about forbidden love and racial politics between a black girl and a white boy on a South Africa farm. This story takes place during the time South Africa was dealing with racial segregation and is filled with irony and a theme that is clear from the start and that is deeper than racism, but the love betweenRead MoreThe Princesses in Disney’s Animated Films Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesBeauty, Snow White, Cinderella, Little Mermaid, Belle, Pocahontas, and now Brave. They are loved by millions, and are featured all over America, everything from cups to costumes. Combined with Disney’s already popular image, the princesses of his stories created the image for â€Å"princesses of all princesses†. However, the roles and functions of Walt Disney’s Princess (ex. Sleeping Beauty (1959) and Snow White (1937) have changed signific antly compared to Team Disney’s Princess (ex. Little Mermaid (1989)

Beer Store Report - 6770 Words

------------------------------------------------- Group Project Phase FOur The Beer Store Submitted By: Brandon Borrelli Submitted On: Jan 1st, 2012 Table of Contents THE BEER STORE CORPORATE OVERVIEW 1 The Beer Store History and Corporate Structure: 1 Industry and Regulations: 1 Company Mission and Values: 1 RETAIL STORE OVERVIEW 1 How the Retail Stores Function: 1 How 3260 is Operated: 1 Hiring and Work Culture: 1 Training: 1 Safety procedures: 1 Tasks of all Employees: 1 Management Specific Tasks: 1 Compensation and Benefits: 1 Evaluation and Incentives for Employees and Managers: 8 Exhibit 1 The Beer Store organization chart 1 Exhibit 2 Beverage Retail Outlets 1 Exhibit 3 Flow of Goods 1†¦show more content†¦The current system of the LCBO, the Beer Store and the off-site winery stores perform nearly identical functions in providing alcoholic beverages and products to consumers. In fact, their retail stores are sometimes located across the street from one another. But limited competition and separate business objectives prevent these companies from capitalizing on each other’s profits and market shares. The LCBO and the Beer Store also act as wholesalers to each other and to agency stores, licensed establishments and duty-free stores, depending on the type of product(Exhibit 3 and 4). Unlike the wholesale of domestic wines, spirits and foreign imports, the domestic beer manufactures deliver their products to the Beer Store wholesale system. It has seven regional depots and ships the products with its own truck fleet (291 distribution fleet vehicles) to the Beer Store stores, LCBO retail store, licensee depots and agency stores across the province. However, the domestic beer manufacturers could deliver their products directly to the LCBO retail store, licensee depots and duty free stores. Company Mission and Values: The Beer Store’s mission statement and statement of values are shown in (Exhibit 12) .As part of the Beer Store’s social responsibility with respect to the sale of alcohol the â€Å"We ID 25† program was adapted. The â€Å"We ID 25† program hasShow MoreRelatedThe New Face And The Beer Industry1264 Words   |  6 Pages Are microbreweries the new face to the beer industry? The real question is what is a microbrewery? Microbreweries are small business that produces a limited amount of specialty beers for local sales. Microbreweries are popping up all across the country, with new craft beers taking over taps. Michigan alone has over a hundred different breweries. The economic system is on a rise, because of the new style of beer coming to supermarkets and party stores. There are also new jobs being created by theRead MoreMarketing Plan1096 Words   |  5 PagesSituation Analysis Gluten intolerance or sensitivity is a problem. Many stores have started carrying gluten or wheat free, products for their consumers. With this gluten free trend rising, it is still hard to find gluten free beverages such as beer Smart phones and their applications have become a part of people’s everyday lives. Many people rely on smart phone applications for everyday tasks, such as banking, navigation, shopping and much more. As of June 2008, it was estimated that 43%Read MoreBeer Consumption Trends Of The People Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pages Auckland International campus GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN HOTEL MANAGEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ON Beer Consumption Trends of the People in Auckland, New Zealand STUDENT NAME: Rajan Sigdel STUDENT ID: 1000019226 COHORT 15 JANUARY 2016 Academic supervisor: Mr. Freddy Bariava INTRODUCTION and BACKGROUND Being a multicultural country, New Zealand is largely seen as a cautious society regarding alcohol use. The use of alcohol affects all strata of society. Alcohol Policy favors the marketing to theRead MoreSleeman Breweries1322 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Report Sleeman Brewery Limited As Investment Portfolio Option Executive Summary I am writing this report for Chantal Dumont as to give recommendation whether or not she should invest in Sleeman Brewery Limited. We then recommend you to invest in this company if you are seeking for long term growth in your portfolio. Introduction This report is made by Ryan Tan to for Chantal Dumont as part of the assessment to determineRead More Cross-Cultural Communication Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesbackfire.† (Zaharna, 2001, p.135). My research is focused on the problems associated with cross-cultural communication and how awareness of culture, language, tradition, and business practices can increase the advantages to globalization. This report will be field specific in the International Beverage industry with my interviews focusing on the communication relationships between H.P. Bulmers, Ireland, which recently decided to move into the United States. I choose this focus due to interestRead MoreThe Value Of The Guinness Anchor Berhad Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagescore business of GAB is produce beer and stout, it also directly involves in the production, packaging, marketing and distribution of its products. In Malaysia, GAB is a major producer of beer and stout under Beverage category. There are four biggest brands which leading the product portfolio of GAB, which are Tiger, Heineken, Guinness and Anchor. GAB has produced beer, stout, malt, shandy and cider. Tiger, Heineken, Anchor Strong, Anchor Smooth, Kilk enny are beer, whereas Guinness is stout. FurthermoreRead MoreExecutive Summary : New Belgium Brewery1234 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral branches. It earned a national wide reputation of good beer as well as community and environment stewardship. The sustainability plan that concentrated on saving resources for e.g. Purifying used water for reuse and electricity from natural resources. The founder of the New Belgium Brewery Jeff Lebesch and his wife Kim Jordon CEO of NBB nowadays operated this mission along with employees to provide their beers on shelves of the stores to public after sharing it to their neighbours and friendsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Consumption For 100 Current And Past Male / Female Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued to look at whether such changes have made a difference to our drinking culture. The purpose of this report is to focus on the comparison of alcohol consumption for 100 current and past male/ female students studying the General and Applied Psychology with the Open Polytechnic of New Zealand. The primary purpose of this experiment is to utilise the information to produce a laboratory report that compares male/ female drinking habits and consumption for the last 12 months. 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Executive Summary The purpose of this research study was to find out that consumers who drink beer and who shop at grocery stores which sell beer, will buy different or more food products items, will trial different beers and will buy beer more frequently from grocery stores. Additional objective was to find out if beer drinkers and grocery

Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy Free Essays

string(69) " their national actions plans, such as pension and health care area\." Assignment 2-Take Home Exam (Question 3, 5 and 6) Question 3 Discuss the difficulties in seeking to adopt a common social policy and social welfare agenda among the E. U. member states. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction A social policy is a public policy and practice in the areas of health care, human services, criminal justice, education, and labor. (Malcolm Wiener Centre) In European Union, it has passed a long way to seeking adopt a common social policy and social welfare agenda among the E. U. member states. Caune et al has summarized the process of social policy into three steps followed by the milestone of EU. First stage was to create a common market and keep the national welfare policies. During the first stage E. U. did seek to establish a certain policy, such as freedom of movement for workers and freedom of establishment and equal pay and rights for migrant workers. The second stages was Maastricht treaty that creating Maastricht criteria as new economic policy regime and established ‘soft law management’. The thirds stage was focus onwards coordination and competition of national welfare policies. The treaty of Lisbon which is the recently moment in E. U. social policy, it defines E. U. seeks to assess the significance of the poverty/social inclusion open method of co-ordination in terms of what it indicates about the EU’s engagement with social policy. From the historically, EU was did a lot of works to creating social policy and social welfare agenda. But E. U. still faces many difficult to making a common social policy among E. U. states. Furthermore, this essay will mainly discuss on the difficult in seeking to adopt a common social policy and social welfare agenda among the E. U. ember states which are based understand and analyzed the history and concept of E. U. social policy. Discussion From the three stages of form a social welfare system, we could found European Union has really well social welfare systems as an example for the rest of the world. It has maintained social equality among EU members which defend weaker market participants and guarantee them acceptable standards of living. However, EU is now face great challenges, such as rapid growth in EU expansion and integration, growing competition among member states for investments. Most of them are now becoming difficult to a adopt a further common social policy EU, such as increasing about personal expectancy, population migration process, growing income inequality and the existing social exclusion. These difficulties are mainly coming from two sources which are national and European level. If EU aims to form a common social policy, they will firstly facing a problem of different social policies pursued by member states. Rutkauskiene indicated that there is† no unanimous opinion about all existing social policy in EU. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Every member states have their social policy depends on different typology, such as Mediterranean model and antipodean model. These different social policy models in the place which lead EU faces a huge challenge-too many different social policy model in the members will hinder the process of adopt a common social policy in EU. One of the objectives of common social policy is maintain social equality among EU member sta te but each member state has a different economic situation that leading to different budget on social welfare expenditure. Hence, there will be conflict between different countries investment on the social welfare. One of the example are from the EU integration process, employee are free to move to a low cost countries and also employee from poor countries can move to a member state that has a better work condition. The enlargement or integration of European has becoming one of the difficulties in order to adopt a common social policy in EU because it has direct on the social issues, such as unemployment rate and fair work rights. Traser describe enlargement had already, in 2004, caused public anxiety about large numbers of low-skilled and semiskilled workers from the new Member States seeking both employment and benefits in the EU-15, and displacing national workers with cheap labour. (Traser, 2005) The issues about free movement of employee is only one example about the differences of economic situation between member states but it can be a main difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy because the members state are only stand for their own country and competing with other member states. In the European level, EU are also did a lot of work trying to leading member states participate on the process of adopt a common social policy but it is difficult as well. Since the Maastricht Treaty a concept of ‘soft law’ management measures are used to implementation of the EU activates. This has given to the control measures that are based on voluntarism, education and the sharing of best practices. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) In other world, member’s state is voluntary participation in an exchange of information or action. The European council collected all these soft measurement 2000 in Lisbon and give them a name of ‘Open Method of Coordination. (OMC)† (European Council Web) In the European council website explained OMC- set goals are monitored and supervised, best practices are shared and there is a scope to share. (European Council Web) But there are one important feature of the OMC is that goals and achievement are established at the EU level, while the measure and practice to achieving them are left for national governments. Many scholar are debate the disadvantage of this method. OMC is the lack of obligation to implement any agreements, and the lack of sanctions for failing to meet any obligations (Szyszczak, 2006). In other words, EU did not give in to any suggestion about policy to national government, and national government did not need to adequately orient their active measures according to OMC goals. Moreover, each member states can present their own conclusions on the certain policy areas in their national actions plans, such as pension and health care area. You read "Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy" in category "Essay examples" Rutkauskiene has found a greatest number of faults in pension’s area caused by OMC. Rutkauskiene, 2009) Everyone is too different in their personal needs and clamming to adequate for all is not feasible. So a government policy should be set a minimum pension sum to be guaranteed and set of this agreement among EU member states. In other worlds, it is necessary that guidelines for chan ges in indicator evaluation are set, thereby blocking the way for different understanding about social affairs. From the different argument on OMC policy we can it was mainly established a principle of turning into coordination among EU member state but it facing difficulties turning this policy into an operational manner. Vandenbroucke state the post challenge of Lisbon treaty is EU need an operational social policy. (Vandenbroucke, 2002) Unfortunately, according to the discussion that the current OMC policy has some disadvantaged that made difficulties for EU to adopt a common social policy. Conclusions This essay has started with an introduction milestone of adopt the EU social policy. The difficulties in adopt a common social policy among EU member states have been compounded furthermore by the fact that large number of state in EU and each of them implementing a different social programs and social policy measures. Then we look on how European Union to dealing with this difficulties of great variety in the social policy systems. We have been chooses the current model to coordinate of social affairs in 2000 at the signing of Lisbon strategy which are Open Method of Coordination. Based on the analysed from different academic literature, â€Å"the main shortcomings of the OMC were identified as the lack of obligation and no sanctions for failing to carry out the activities set out in the agreements reached. (Rutkauskiene, 2009) Hence, the inefficiency of current policy is other main difficulties in adopt a common social policy. At the end, the process of adopt a common social will be forward in the future and the difficulties are also coming continuously at different stages. Reference Arnaudova, F. Z. L. A. A. (2011). Growth, well-being and social policy in Euroep: trade-off orsynergy. European Social Policy Centre Concuil, E. , from http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in research/coordination/coordinat ion01_en. htm Daly, M. (2006). EU Social Policy after Lisbon. Queen’s Univeristy, Belfast. Malcolm Wiener Center for Social Policy. Retrieved 10 Jan 2013, from http://www. hks. harvard. edu/centers/wiener Palier, P. R. G. a. S. J. a. B. (2011). The EU and the Domestic Politics of Welfare State Reforms. England. Rutkauskiene, L. (2009). Problems in the formation of the common EU social policy: Vilnius Univeristy. Szyszczak, E. (2006). Experimental Governance: The Opend Method of Coordination. European Law Journal. Traser, J. (2005). Report on the free movement of workers in EU-25: who’s afarid of EU enlargment? Brussels:European Citizen Action services. Vandenbroucke, F. (2002). The EU and Social Protection: What should the Euroepan Convention Propose. Retrieved from http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/44291/1/644397675. pdf Vobruba, G. Debate on the enlargement of the Euroepan Union. University of Leipzig. Question 5 the single market is the fundamental economic underpinning of the EU. Discuss why  this single market is problema tic in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector Introduction The Europe commission in a 1985 white paper launched the single market programme. The main purpose of single market is ‘seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and people – the EU’s â€Å"four freedoms† – within the EU’s 27 member states. †(European Commission Web) It was launched as the fundamental economic integration of the EU. It creates large benefit to the enterprise and EU-citizens. The European commission and the EU’s executive arm, has target ‘energy, digital and transport sectors as priorities for depending market integration. †(Egen) In relating to the digital technology sector, the world economic is now more deepening on the digital technology. A 2010 study commissioned by the European Policy Centre from Copenhagen Economics showed that an integrated European Digital Single Market (DSM) would lead to an increase in GDP of at least 4%, with concrete benefits for consumers and citizens. (Economics, 2010) European commissions have already been set in motion about importance of digital single market. For example, Monti report had already highlighted the importance of developing the digital single market, which was also reflected in the digital agenda and the single market act. However, there are still many problem existed in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector. This essay will outline of the reasons of why this single market is problematic in digital sector, which are mainly because of less enforce on inappropriate regulation in the member states and cost effectiveness and differences in provision of the infrastructure and ‘old national monopolists’. Discussion In Pablo’s report, which has summaries the European commission need to work more on to build trust and confidence in digital single market. Echeverria has indicated that â€Å"European Commission need to stresses that the consumer rights directive marked an important step forward in terms of increasing legal certainty for consumers and businesses in online transactions, and today constitutes the main consumer protection instrument for online services. † (Echeverria) A single market strategy will require a higher level of legal regulations in regarding to issues such as cybercrime, data privacy and spam while ensuring free movement and the possibility of transactions on the internet. Otherwise this single market will be a problematic in digital sector because of the existence of a patchwork of different legal provisions and barely interoperable standards and practices. Also the consumer can’t access the full benefits from this strategy if this regulation is poor. European commission’s report of building the digital single market has identified more and more pollution is using the digital technology now. (Commission, 2011) Peoples are now using more internet service to making a convenience life, such as the online cross border trade. Moreover the digital single market will allow citizens to have access throughout the EU to all forms of digital content and services. So in order to creating single market digital sector, if people are not use digital service in a safety environment then there will be a data protection problems. The other reasons of why  this single market is problematic in the EU with regards to the digital technology sector, which is cost effectiveness. In Zuleeg’s report has determine that a single digital market will require large scale investments in fixed and mobile networks, with much of this investment needing to come from private operators. Zuleeg, 2012) Especially in the European finical crisis period, Europe government and private operator will need to have spent more to support this investment by developing new investment vehicles and guarantees. Michelle Egan also defines a digital single market is a long way of investment and still have many barriers now. (Egan) But the single market in digital sector will improve productivity and contribute to increasing Europe’s medium to long term competiveness. It also brings out benefit beyond the economic which it can help some societal problem, such as fragmented labor market and environment problems. According to all of this facts, we can finding the single market can bring large benefit to citizens and social but it will need to put extra investment by government and private operator. So this single market will bring out a conflict between internal users and external stakeholders because of cost effectiveness. A study by Copenhagen economic has list out â€Å"there is a range of national and international operators, totalling close to 100 mobile operators. â€Å"(Copenhagen economic) In the Australia digital sector there are mainly one operator provide the most mobile and internet infrastructure which are Telstra. The digital sector is fragmented in European compared with other countries. The most of the digital companies are competing on a national scale instated of across borders. None have continent-wide operations and provide difference in provisions of infrastructure. One of the example is there are still less operator can provide mobile service across borders and also with a high roaming fees. However the single market strategy in digital sector is trying to integrate these companies into one group. This single market strategy may become problematic in the digital technology sector because a fragmented supplier industry may hamper certain developments. From the overall finding, we can operator is the main stakeholder with a large impact on the digital sector. The study by Copenhagen has further explained this fact as â€Å"a lack of market consolidation with ‘old national monopolies’ keeping their strong position in local markets due to government protection in the past. â€Å" The operators are stress on their profit and ignore the importance of single market. One of the major benefits of European single market is increasing competition, leading to lower prices and better welfare for consumers and society as a whole. But the operator has main power in the national market and can refuse price convergence. Conclusion At the end, the single market in digital will have large impact on European economy either in public sector or employee or consumers or producer sides. But according to the nature of digital technology sector which is fragmented industry and investment barriers so the single market has being a problematic in this industry. Reference Completing the internal market White paper from European Commission to European Council (1985). Brussels. Commission, E. (2011). Building the digital single market-cross border demand for content services. Echeverria, P. A. On completing the digital single market Economics, C. (2010). The conomic impact of a european digital single market. Egen, M. Twenty years after the completion of the EU’s single market programme, member states have still not eliminate all barriers to trade. London: The london school of economic and politcal science. Zuleeg, F. (2012). A digital single market by 2015. eSharp. European Mobile Indsutry Obeservatory. (2011) Monti, M. (2010). A new strategy for the single market. â€Å"The Single Market†. Europa web portal. http://ec. europa. eu/internal_market/index_en. htm. Retrieved 03 January 2012. Question 6 what are the problems to be encountered in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU? Introduction A sense of a national identity is â€Å"the person’s identity and sense of belonging to one state or to one nation, a feeling one shares with a group of people, regardless of one’s citizenship status. (Smith, 1993) Usually, these are nation-states but it also can implied an entity group of European Union. McCormick writes sense of European identity as â€Å"a related term of Europeanism refers to the assertion that the people of Europe have a distinctive set of political, economic and social norms and values that are slowly diminishing and replacing existing nationa l or state-based norms and values. †(McCormick, 2010) Johan Borneman indicates the practices of Europeanization in term of languages, money, tourism and sex and sport. Borneman 1997) European Union are getting practice on this through the creation of the European single market, the expanded the European Union from twelve members in 1985 to twenty-seven members in 2007 and link the legislative and policy frameworks of EU with European identity. As we explained before EU has a long history of this integration process but there are still many problems encountered in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. There are especially in some countries are having this problems such as British. Moreover, this essay will discuss on the main problems that are in forming a European sense of identity among the citizenry of the EU. It also will consider some examples in English. Discussion Medrano has summarized the main problems into three section which are â€Å". 1) conflated behaviour in referenda on reform treaties of the European Union, support for European integration, and identification with Europe, 2) conflated different dimensions of European identity, and 3) failed to unpack the various meanings that citizens attach to the idea of identification with Europe† (Medrano, 2010) In the detail, the first problems are mainly concerned on the public debate on European identity. Many people see no opportunity to influence supranational decisions effectively because there are lacks of intermediary actor primary covering European issues. In the public, the media or journalists are both have lack of supporting on EU news. Vreese said â€Å"It is difficult to ‘sell’ an EU story. † (Vreese, 2004) Medrano has asked many journalists do you agree you play an important role in ‘crating a European identify’. (Medrano, 2010) The most of them unanimously agreed that the answer should be ‘NO’. Some journalists believe their role is to create engagement and interest and not to influence identity. One of the examples is in British, the public opinion is divided and the country is becoming the most of skeptic members in EU with regards to EU policy of common currency and the enlargement. There is other problem influencing public opinion about Europe, such as difference in social-demographic characteristics. Most of researcher has find men being more supportive of Euro-pan integration and higher levels of education are associated with being more positive towards the EU. The second problems listed by Medrano, can be described as there are having many dimensions of European identity either by national or citizen. If there are too many dimensions of European identity that will results a lack of precision use in the use of the sense of European identity. The official dimensions of European identity is a precondition for a democratically legitimise European Union with feeling of belonging together of the people living in the member states, including the awareness and the support of common values, achievements and aims. But in related to a real case the European identity is far lagging behind national identity. Fukuyama has given one example of Frances created a strong national identity by built around the French languages. (Fukuyama, 2012) In order to compared within the EU’s dimension, EU are more stress on political and policy identity but the nation’s dimensions are more focus on culture and social level. EU has 27 members within different culture and religion. These countries have already built on different level of national identity. EU is now trying to integrate this national identity into one common identity which is European identity. So EU needs to conflate different dimension of European identity. The third problems is failed to consider the citizen’s ideal about European identity. The EU defines concept of European identity are most physically based, such as free movement of goods and service. But the officials should to promote a sense of belonging to Europe citizens emotionally. Medrano stated there are lacks of identification with Europe among citizens are mostly interested in the emotional dimension of identification. (Medrano,2010) Besides of Medrano’s measured three problems, there are still many other problems in order to create a sense of European identity. One of these problems are EU has less use any knowledge or instruments of identity policy to deliver the sense of European identity, such as education. Walkenhorst writes â€Å"without a sense of commitment and knowledge of citizenship rights the European peoples cannot establish a democratic identity in the sense of supporting the EU as a legitimate political system†. (Walkenhorst, 2004) EU also will not being able to demonstrate its benefits for the European citizen without using an instrument of identity policy. For instance, provide more education or program on spread the sense of European identity will also help to avoid the problems of different religions. EU has different religions identity, such as Christian and Muslim. The concept of European identity need to consider the ideal of multiculturalism and democracy. Conclusions This essay draws an analysis of the problems encountered in forming a sense of European identity which are based on an understanding what is a sense of European identity and how could generate a sense of identity. Since the firstly forming a European Union, EU are trying to creating a sense of European identity. A sense of national or regional identity is an emotionally feeling belongs to a group. EU did a lot of work that letting people are physically feeling of European citizen, such as free movement of people and goods. One of the examples, are Eurostar given people are more mobility in traveling around European. However, EU is now facing problems on ignored the citizen’s emotionally feeling of European identity and conflicts of different dimension about European concept of identity. Each member state and citizens has different dimension about European identity. The best way to solve this problem is using accurate instrument to spread the ideal of European identity, such as education and media. But the fact is there is lack of use media and education that results a problems in forming a sense of European identity. Reference Adrian Favell, E. R. , Theresa Kuhn, Janne Solgaard Jensen and Juliane Klein. (2011). The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border practices and Transantional Identitifcations Among the Eu and Third-Country Citizens. Foweler, J. B. a. N. (1997). Europeanization. Annual Review. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/stable/2952532 . Fukuyama, F. (2012). European Identities Retrieved from http://blogs. the-american-interest. com/fukuyama/2012/01/10/european-identities-part-i/ Margaret R, A. (2008). Perceptions of European Identity among EU Citizens: An Empirical Study. McCormick, J. (2010). Europeanism: Oxford University Press. Medrano, J. D. (2010). Unpackiing European Identity: CAIRN, INFO. Smith, A. D. (1993). National identity: Univeristy of Nevada Press. Versteegh, M. L. C. (2010). European Citizenship as a New Concept for Euroepan Identity. How to cite Discuss the Difficulties in Seeking to Adopt a Common Social Policy, Essay examples